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Is Evolution
Scientific?
Tom Bunting
When someone speaks up
against the theory of evolution they are immediately cast aside as an
unscientific ignoramus. Is it true that to reject this theory one must
be both ignorant and unscientific? Are only the intelligent people on
the side of evolution? Is the theory of evolution really scientific?
We are told by
evolutionists that to gain an understanding of what the theory of
organic evolution is and what it implies we must distinguish between
this theory, which deals with the 'fact' of evolution, and those
theories which deal with the cause of evolution. We are warned by
evolutionists not to confuse "Darwinism" and the theory of
evolution. They are not supposed to be "the same at all. Yet, our
intelligence is impugned if we reject Darwinism. To be sure that we
approach the problem from the viewpoint of the evolutionist we are
admonished to know that the theory of natural selection (Darwinism) is
simply one attempt to explain the cause of evolution. There are some
things, they say, with which the theory of evolution is not concerned.
It is not concerned with the origin of life; neither does it presume to
tell us what form or forms life first appeared on earth. This theory
does not deny the existence of a Creator. So they say! Then go right
ahead and print pictures in science books of some evolutionists
impression of the origin of life along with pictures of forms of life
which they believe first appeared on earth. They say that this theory
does not deny the existence of a Creator and then turn right around and
cast doubt on the story of creation. Why bother if they're not concerned
with the "origin of life" ? What they say and what they do are
obviously quite different! Maybe Parker and Clark don't presume to tell
us what form or forms life first appeared but many evolutionists do.
Organic evolution is
defined by John M. Coulter: "The study of organic evolution deals
only with the succession of forms, with the production of new forms by
previously existing ones. It has nothing to say concerning origins. How
the numerous series of living forms may have originated is certainly
beyond the reach of biological science as yet. When one goes beyond the
observed changes and tries to trace the successions back to their
source, he is in the region of speculation, and outside the boundaries
of science." (Heredity and Eugenics, Castel, Coulter, Davenport,
East and Tower; p. 8.) In this definition much depends upon how they use
this word "forms." Do they have reference to the color? By
succession of forms do they mean from black, to brown, to reddish brown,
to red, to Yellow, to white as it is controlled by the laws of genetics?
If that is organic evolution, I know of no one that objects! However, I
hardly think that is what they had in mind. If they had in mind the
succession from one phylum to another, then objection can be made on all
sides. The trouble, with the evolutionist today is as Coulter stated,
"going beyond the observed changes . . . and they are in the region
of speculation, outside. the boundaries of science.
God created every
"kind" of being, If we study only the observed changes and
stay out of the region of speculation then science will strengthen this
fact. Man has classified the animals into genus, species, phylum, etc.
God classified them as "kind." When we observe that there is a
change in species (and there are minute number) then it is evident that
these are of the same "kind." The few number of changes in
species and none in phylum is evidence of the law of procreation
established by the Creator in the very beginning. Everyone bringeth
forth after its kind IS still a fact of science, in spite of the theory
of evolution!
Comparative
Anatomy
Parker and Clark list the
following as salient facts concerning evolution. "All vertebrates
from fish to man have an internal, dorsal, spinal column composed of a
number of bony vertebrae joined to a bony skull which, together with the
vertebral column, houses the central nervous system." (Introduction
to Animal Biology, p. 486.) Now isn't that something; man and fish both
have a back bone so we have the same ancestors! If that is scientific
reasoning . . . Oh, well! Have you ever heard such powerful logic? just
as good (I think even better); fish live in water and man can't,
therefore we do not have a common ancestor! Surely the similarity is not
the best evolutionists have to offer?
Another argument of the
evolutionist is that the common ancestor idea is shown by the presence
of vestigial organs. A vestigial organ is supposed to be one that is
retained in the organism from past ancestors but now has degenerated to
the point it is of no use. I wonder how they determine if that
particular organ is going up or down the evolutionary ladder? Well,
anyway, they say it is degenerating! If there are vestigial organs then
it is logical to assume that there would also be nascent organs if the
theory of evolution be true. Nascent organs are not mentioned in a
gathering of evolutionists for the simple reason that the lack of
nascent structures and organs is evidence against evolution and in favor
of special creation. Every year the list of vestigial organs is
decreasing as uses are found for those once supposed to be vestigial
organs. Is it possible that those which remain today have a use which
science has not yet discovered? I wonder if those teaching so strongly
about vestigial organs realize that just because an organ is not being
used, or we do not know the use, does not necessarily mean that it has
no use.
Embryology
In this field of study
there is a controversy around the "biogenetic law" also known
as the "recapitulation theory." This theory is that each
individual animal in its development from egg to adult form passes
through stages representative of the evolution of the species. That
there is some resemblance we do not deny. But this resemblance is not
between the embryo of one species to the adult of another, rather it is
a resemblance of both at the embryo level. This I suppose could be
expected since both start from a fertilized egg and have considerable
likeness also at the end of their development.
Many suppose, as did
Haeckel that the embryo goes through all the stages of its evolutionary
development. However, many supposed stages came too early, others too
late, some not at all. An example of this is the development of the
teeth and tongue of the mammals.
"It was
expected," writes Keith, "That the embryo would recapitulate
the features of all its ancestors from the lowest to the highest forms
of the animal kingdom. Now that the appearances of the embryo at all
ages are known . . . the human embryo at no stage is anthropoid in
appearance." (The Human Body, 1912, p. 94); quoted in Is
Evolution Proved, p. 270). Keith, an evolutionist, admits
disappointment because the ernbryo does not recapitulate the stages of
supposed ancestral development. Contrary to evolutionists, embryology is
one of the reasons we reject the theory of evolution and we commend the
study of embryology to all.
In this theory of
recapitulation they select the organs that claim to have some
resemblance between the embryo and adults of another species; while the
organs that show no resemblance are ignored. Is that scientific to
select only the data that fits one's preconceived theory? Science is
supposed to weigh all the evidence impartially. For this reason we say
that evolutionists are unscientific, they completely ignore all the
evidence against their theory.
The arches and furrows in
the neck of the human embryo are supposed to resemble the gill and
clefts of a fish. "However, the arch develops into the lower jaw
(which it does not do in the fish), second forms the middle and outer
ear (which the fish does not have). None of them form gills." (Modern
Science and Christian Faith, p. 94.)
One of my professors in a
state college was insisting that evolution was implied in the theory of
recapitulation. I wonder if it ever occurred to such people that just
because the embryos of two or more vertebrates look alike does not mean
that they are alike, nor that they have had a common ancestor. The truth
of the matter is that the science of embryology lays a death blow to one
of the chief arguments of evolution! Even though the embryo of the
chick, rabbit, and man look alike; the embryo of the chick will develop
into a chicken every time! The embryo of the rabbit will be a rabbit
every time. The embryo of the man will be a man every time. Each one
after its "kind." This law of procreation will not vary now,
nor has it ever changed. This is a recognized scientific fact that the
evolutionist will not, nor dare not, deny! Like all scientific facts
which are contrary to the theory of evolution they simply ignore it.
This is further proof that the theory is not scientific for they are
afraid to study both sides of the controversy. The first time the
evolutionist takes the egg of a chicken and under nine months incubation
develops a man, I will concede they have some evidence to support their
theory. Or if they can take the embryo of man and in 21 days stop the
process and have a chicken, I will agree they have some evidence.
However, as long as the embryo of a chick continues to develop into a
chicken; a rabbit to a rabbit; and a man to a man; the scientific
evidence is all against the "theory of recapitulation" and
evolution. Science in no way denies special creation, in fact it renders
a great service in proving the Bible to be true. If the theory of
recapitulation is the best that evolution has to offer, then they have
nothing but their own imaginative prejudiced mind.
Fossils
Like all other phases of
science the fossil evidence has been so manipulated by evolutionists
that a great majority of the writings do not give an unbiased account of
the facts. Those fossils that may tend to lend some support to their
presupposed theory are emphasized while the unfavorable fossils are completely
ignored. They ignore the Calaveras skull found in 1866, and
the skeletal remains of a comparative modern type in Castenedolo. Italy.
There are several fossils of a modern type of an earlier date than
Pithecanthropus and Sanarithropus, but these are largely ignored. These
have to be ignored for if not, they would destroy the evidence based
upon the 'Java man' and the Sinanthropus from China. Evolutionists would
like to pass these examples aside with a wave of the hand. "What
difference does it make," they would say. Simply this, when you
recognize that the Galley Hill man was to have for his ancestors,
according to evolution, the Pithecanthropus and Sinanthropus but he
makes his appearance several thousand years ahead of them it presents a
most difficult and embarrassing problem for those who hold to the theory
of evolution. It is the responsibility of the evolutionist to show that
the Galley Hill man was not contemporary with the strata in which he was
found. But instead they simply ignore such examples, and thereby testify
to all that evolution is only a preconceived idea originating in the
mind of some.
We often hear something
about a "missing link" as if there was only one, but the fact
is there's the absence of the whole chain! Even one of their links which
they have had for years was found to be a forgery! (The Piltdown Forgery
published in England). And so goes evolution! With each passing year
there seems to be another "missing link" missing. With the
growing advancement of scientific knowledge we expect them in the near
future to throw away the whole broken chain, as the theory of evolution
was based solely on prejudices of the mind.
Why the
Popularity of Such a Theory?
"If the theory of
evolution is so unscientific," someone says, "then why the
popularity of such a theory?" Did you know that if a teacher of
science should make known publicly that he did not accept the theory of
evolution he would be anathematized. It has been completely out of
fashion for one to deny this preposterous theory. In recent years it
would have been plain suicide for an American or British biologist to
declare himself a believer in special creation or deny the theory of
evolution. We are glad to say that this tendency seems to be slowly
changing. However, there is still room for improvement. The B.B.C. would
not allow any of its speakers to attack this theory. The school text
books treat it as if it were already proven. Is it any wonder that
biologists that have doubted the theory of evolution have up to now,
kept their doubts to themselves. Lunn says, "in view of the growing
skepticism among scientists it seems to me that it is a crime against
science to allow evolution to be represented in most schools as a proved
and demonstrated fact." (Lunn, Editory, Is Evolution Proved"
p. 333). We hope that with the increased emphasis on studies in the
field of science we will see, a renewed vigor and enthusiasm, and a
complete unbiased analyses of the theory of evolution. We have no doubt
but that an unprejudiced investigation will reveal the long overlooked
and ignored fallacies of the theory of evolution.
Truth
Magazine IV:5, pp. 22-24 February 1960
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